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Executive Order 13606 of April 23, 2012
Blocking the Property and Suspending Entry into the United States of Certain Persons with Respect to Grave Human Rights Abuses by the Governments of Iran and Syria via Information Technology
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1182(f)), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,
I, Barack Obama, President of the United States of America, hereby determine that the commission of serious human rights abuses against the people of Iran and Syria by their governments, facilitated by computer and network disruption, monitoring, and tracking...
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This Executive Order, referred to by OFAC as the "GHRAVITY E.O," is irregular for a few notable reasons.
1) Irregular Derivative Designation Criteria
In addition to the sanctionable "primary conduct" criteria (e.g. operating technology assisting the serious human rights abuses) and the boilerplate derivative designation criteria (i.e. "material assistance" and being "owned or controlled" by a blocked party), the GHRAVITY EO lists as a designation criterion "to have sold, leased, or otherwise provided, directly or indirectly, goods, services, or technology to Iran or Syria likely to be used to facilitate computer or network disruption, monitoring, or tracking that could assist in or enable serious human rights abuses by or on behalf of the Government of Iran or the Government of Syria." In FAQ 188, OFAC suggests that this provision can act as a quasi-secondary...