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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
- v. -
TURKIYE HALK BANKASI A.S.,a/k/a "Halkbank,"
Defendant.
SUPERSEDING INDICTMENT
S6 15 Cr. 867 (RMB)
-
BACKGROUND
1. The charges in this Indictment arise out of a multi-year scheme by TURKIYE HALK BANKASI A.S., a/k/a "Halkbank," the defendant (hereinafter, "HALKBANK"), a Turkish bank majority-owned by the Government of Turkey, to violate and evade U.S. national security controls against the Government of Iran. HALKBANK and its officers, agents, and co-conspirators directly and indirectly used money service businesses and front companies in Iran, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and elsewhere to violate and to evade and avoid prohibitions against Iran's access to...
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*Jul. 2020 Update: The 2nd Circuit court of appeals rule, in U.S. v. Atilla (2nd Cir. 2020), that the one cannot violate the IEEPA by "evading" or "avoiding" a secondary sanctions provision. Instead, the "evasion" and "avoidance" language extends only to conduct that is actually "prohibited," i.e. itself unlawful, rather than merely "sanctionable." This accords with the views expressed below. The court also held, notably, that in the prohibition on “evading” or “avoiding” sanctions laws needn’t be interpreted in a manner that treats “evading” and “avoiding” as separate prohibitions with differing scopes.
This criminal indictment was issued in connection with the same activities underlying the criminal cases U.S. v. Zarrab and United States v. Atilla. See the following Research System documents, which detail those activities and the way that the trial court handling the...